Evolution of mechanisms in the structural design of low-filler electromagnetic wave absorption materials

The low cost-effectiveness of high-filler electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) materials has severely hampered their market application. Herein, we present a sulfur doped electro-magnetic network structure and clarify the theory of EMWA mechanism evolution in structural design. Based on multi-channel hollow carbon fibers (MHCFs), a conductive network framework was erected to optimize impedance matching. Subsequently, the integration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into MHCFs forms an electro-magnetic coupling network architecture. Ultimately, the introduction of sulfur in the multi-channel structure further promotes the dielectric loss of the architecture. Through the optimization design of the structure, which collectively drives broadband absorption (7.1 GHz) and microwave dissipation (-63.32 dB) at low filler loading (5 wt.%). Our work based on one-dimensional structure design and mechanism evolution would contribute to the research of EMWA materials with ultra-low filler loading.