Research on Airborne Ground-Penetrating Radar Imaging Technology in Complex Terrain

The integration of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) enables efficient non-contact detection, performing exceptionally well in complex terrains and extreme environments. However, challenges in data processing and interpretation remain significant obstacles to fully utilizing this technology. To mitigate the effects of numerical dispersion, this paper develops a high-order finite-difference time-domain (FDTD(2,4)) three-dimensional code suitable for airborne GPR numerical simulations. The simulation results are compared with traditional FDTD methods, validating the accuracy of the proposed approach. Additionally, a Kirchhoff migration algorithm that considers the influence of the air layer is developed for airborne GPR. Different processing strategies are applied to flat and undulating terrain models, significantly improving the identification of shallowly buried targets. Particularly under undulating terrain conditions, the energy ratio method is introduced, effectively suppressing the interference of surface reflections caused by terrain variations. This innovative approach offers a new technical pathway for efficient GPR data processing in complex terrains. The study provides new insights and methods for the practical application of airborne GPR.