Joule heating and viscous dissipation impact on MHD-hybrid nanofluid flow over non-isothermal stretching/shrinking surface: Dual solution and stability analysis

Recent scientific research has consistently demonstrated that hybrid nanofluids have superior thermophysical properties, promising heat transfer efficiency improvers in engineering applications. Thus, the aim of this study is to numerically examine the effects of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), suction, Joule heating and viscous dissipation parameter on the intricate flow and thermal transfer dynamics of a hybrid nanofluid streaming over a permeable non-isothermal surface with a further investigation into duality of solutions. Similarity transformation reduced the governing equations into ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which were resolved using the MATLAB bvp4c function. The concurrent effects of the governing parameters on the temperature and velocity profiles, local skin friction coefficient, and the local Nusselt number were examined by hybridizing magnetite (Fe3O4) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) immersed in water. The most notable finding of this study reported a higher magnetic parameter and nanoparticle volume concentration increased the skin friction coefficient in the shrinking region. Remarkably, a higher Eckert number increased the thermal boundary layer and reduced the heat transfer rate. Stability analysis confirmed that the first solution was physically stable and reliable. These discoveries contribute valuable insights into optimizing heat transfer in advanced engineering systems where precise thermal control is critical and guidance for scholars in investigating the experimental or numerical dimensions of flow dynamic of hybrid nanofluid.