Frequency and Experimental Analysis of Vibration During Turning

Turning, widely used to manufacture round parts, is often confronted with problems of vibration and chatter, which are also of concern in other machining processes. These phenomena impair tool durability, cause damage, alter part dimensions, deteriorate surface quality and generate unwanted noise. The fundamental dynamic model of turning incorporates a rotating workpiece subjected to longitudinal forces, whose dynamic interaction with cutting forces can trigger vibration and chatter under certain conditions, illustrating a complex dynamic problem. Vibration and chatter in the turning process are a typical example of moving load problems when the cutting tool moves along the rotating workpiece. In particular, the increased vibration sensitivity of the cutting tool is noticeable in operations where the length of the tool is critical. The aim of this paper is to carry out a spectral and experimental analysis of cutting tool vibrations during a turning operation, exploring their spectra recorded in the axial, radial and tangential directions using a unidirectional piezoelectric accelerometer. The results obtained highlight the distinct variations in temporal and frequency signals depending on the axes considered.