On the Discontinuous Galerkin Integral Equation Method for Multilayered Circuits Using Nonconformal Hybrid Mesh

This work presents a domain decomposition method (DDM) for efficient electromagnetic simulation of multiscale radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC) and chips in layered media using the discontinuous Galerkin surface integral equation (DG-SIE). The method begins by partitioning the circuit under analysis into several nonoverlapping subdomains based on geometric regularity. Meshes consisting of different shaped elements are generated independently for each subdomain. For example, flat traces or plates are discretized using triangular or rectangular elements, while vertical vias are represented by wire segments with finite radii to improve approximation. In addition, various divergence-nonconforming vectorial basis functions (BFs) are defined on the DG contours, and special numerical treatments ensure current continuity across adjacent subdomains within the discontinuous Galerkin framework. By allowing flexible mesh generation and BF selection, the proposed method minimizes the required unknowns for accurate simulation of multiscale structures in layered media. Numerical experiments, including a complex printed circuit board (PCB) and a package, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.