Trauma exposure and ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD in a Greenlandic adolescent population

Background: Little peer-reviewed research has been done on trauma exposure, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD) prevalence among Greenlandic children and adolescents. There is a need for a validated Greenlandic version of the International Trauma Questionnaire - Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA) to assess symptoms of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD, as well as investigations of the prevalence of these disorders. This information is imperative in a Greenlandic context, where general epidemiological knowledge on traumatic exposure and reactions is lacking.Objective: The present study examined the factor structure of the Greenlandic ITQ-CA, estimated the prevalence of trauma exposure, ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD, and examined the relationship between potentially traumatic events (PTEs), PTSD, CPTSD, and demographic variables in a Greenlandic adolescent population.Method: Confirmatory factor analysis of competing models of the dimensionality of the ITQ-CA was tested among Greenlandic adolescents (N = 704) aged 11-17 years (M = 13.4, SD = 1.77). Using the ITQ-CA, PTSD and CPTSD was assessed.Results: Findings supported the factorial validity of the Greenlandic ITQ-CA although factor structure differed across boys and girls. A total of 82.8% of the adolescents had been directly exposed to at least 1 PTE (M = 3.2), and 57.0% had been indirectly exposed (M = 3.1). The estimated prevalence of PTSD and CPTSD was 7.8% and 8.5%, while an additional 13.9% and 7% reached subclinical levels. Older age, female gender, several different and cumulative PTEs significantly elevated the risk of PTSD and CPTSD.Conclusion: ITQ-CA is a valid tool for identifying symptoms of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD. Results indicate that type and quantity of direct traumatic exposure are important predictors of PTSD and CPTSD. Events not normally considered traumatic as well as non-interpersonal events are significantly associated with CPTSD symptoms. Antecedentes: Se han realizado pocas investigaciones revisadas por pares en relaci & oacute;n a la prevalencia de exposici & oacute;n a trauma, Trastorno de Estr & eacute;s Postraum & aacute;tico (TEPT) y TEPT complejo (TEPTC) en ni & ntilde;os y adolescentes en Groenlandia. Es necesario contar con una versi & oacute;n groenlandesa validada del Cuestionario Internacional de Trauma, versi & oacute;n ni & ntilde;os y adolescentes (ITQ-CA por sus siglas en ingl & eacute;s) para evaluar los s & iacute;ntomas de TEPT y TEPTC seg & uacute;n la CIE-11, as & iacute; como investigaciones de la prevalencia de estos trastornos. Esta informaci & oacute;n es imperativa en el contexto de Groenlandia, donde se carece de conocimientos epidemiol & oacute;gicos generales sobre la exposici & oacute;n y reacciones traum & aacute;ticas.Objetivo: El presente estudio examin & oacute; la estructura factorial del ITQ-CA de Groenlandia, estim & oacute; la prevalencia de exposici & oacute;n a traumas, TEPT y TEPTC seg & uacute;n la CIE-11, y examin & oacute; la relaci & oacute;n entre eventos potencialmente traum & aacute;ticos (EPTs), TEPT, TEPTC y variables demogr & aacute;ficas en una poblaci & oacute;n adolescente de Groenlandia.M & eacute;todo: Se realiz & oacute; un an & aacute;lisis factorial confirmatorio de modelos competitivos de la dimensionalidad del ITQ-CA en adolescentes de Groenlandia (N = 704) de 11 a 17 a & ntilde;os (M = 13.4, DE = 1.77). Se evalu & oacute; el TEPT y TEPTC utilizando el ITQ-CA.Resultados: Los hallazgos apoyaron la validez factorial del ITQ-CA de Groenlandia, aunque la estructura factorial difiri & oacute; entre ni & ntilde;os y ni & ntilde;as. Un total de 82.8% de los adolescentes hab & iacute;a estado expuesto directamente al menos a 1 EPT (M = 3.2), y el 57% hab & iacute;a estado indirectamente expuesto (M = 3.1). La prevalencia estimada de TEPT y TEPTC fue de 7.8% y 8.5%, mientras que un 13.9% y 7% alcanzaron niveles subcl & iacute;nicos. Mayor edad, sexo femenino y varios EPTs diferentes y acumulativos elevaron significativamente el riesgo de TEPT y TEPTC.Conclusi & oacute;n: El ITQ-CA es una herramienta v & aacute;lida para identificar s & iacute;ntomas de TEPT y TEPTC seg & uacute;n la CIE-11. Los resultados indican que el tipo y cantidad de exposici & oacute;n traum & aacute;tica directa son predictores importantes de TEPT y TEPTC. Eventos que normalmente no se consideran traum & aacute;ticos, as & iacute; como los eventos no interpersonales se asociaron significativamente con s & iacute;ntomas de TEPTC.