Microseismic monitoring technique for hydraulic fracturing of a formation for hydrocarbon deposits

For the oil and gas industry, the country's energy independence is primarily determined by hydrocarbon deposits in its subsoil and the correct assessment of their reserves. However, the reserves of most deposits of Ukraine, which have been in development for more than one year, are unfortunately not unlimited, and to increase oil and gas production, non-standard approaches are needed. At the same time, when extracting hydrocarbons of an unconventional type, as international practice shows, drilling and formation stimulation are necessary. Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is an effective stimulation method. However, the results, namely the shape, direction, and size of the created crack, very often do not correspond to the planned theoretical calculations. Therefore, to control the result of fracturing, it is necessary to apply certain methods, among which microseismic monitoring can be singled out. Microseismic monitoring has become widely used in world practice and is beginning to develop in Ukraine. The purpose of the work is to analyze the modern basic methods of microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing and to determine the most effective method for use in the geological and geophysical conditions of hydrocarbon deposits of Ukraine. First of all, the methods of microseismic fracturing monitoring differ in the depth signal registration system used: borehole or surface. We consider the advantages and disadvantages of these systems and various modern equipment for microseismic fracturing monitoring from standard to the latest using DAS/DVS technology is presented. The criteria for choosing the necessary type of equipment are given, taking into account the deep location of deposits in Ukraine. The relevance of the work is primarily related to the search for new approaches to the estimation of mining reserves and new technologies for developing hydrocarbon deposits in Ukraine, particularly the unconventional types.