Peripheral Artery Disease in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background. The impact of peripheral artery disease (PAD) on the outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not well studied. Methods. We analyzed the association of PAD with CTO-PCI outcomes using data from the PROGRESS-CTO registry of procedures performed at 47 centers between 2012 and 2023. Results. The prevalence of PAD among 12 961 patients who underwent CTO PCI during the study period was 13.9% (1802). PAD patients were older, more likely to be current smokers, and had higher rates of dyslipidemia, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, prior myocardial infarction, PCI, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Their PROGRESS-CTO (1.35 vs 1.22; P < . 001) and J-CTO (2.63 vs 2.33; P < . 001) scores were higher, lesion length was longer, and angiographic characteristics were more complex. Their access site was more likely to be bifemoral (33.6% vs 30.9%; P= . 024) compared with patients with no PAD. Technical (82.9% vs 87.7%; P < . 001) and procedural (80.5% vs 86.6%; P <. 001) success rates were lower in patients with PAD, while the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was higher (3.1% vs 1.8%; P < . 001), with higher incidence of death (0.8% vs 0.4%; P = . 034), acute myocardial infarction (0.9%vs 0.4%; P = . 010), and perforation (6.6% vs 4.5%; P < . 001). In multivariable analysis, PAD was associated with higher MACE (odds ratio [OR]: 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01-2.26; P = . 038) and lower technical success (OR: 0.82; 95% CI, 0.690.99; P = . 039). Conclusions. PAD patients undergoing CTO PCI have higher comorbidity burden, more complex CTOs, higher MACE, and lower technical success.