Identifying ingredients of non-invasive interventions for ambulatory children with cerebral palsy using my favorite words: a scoping review

Objective: To map the ingredients of non-invasive interventions provided to ambulatory children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Method: Articles were selected and study characteristics were extracted. The ingredients of the interventions were described in terms of the Rehabilitation Taxonomy Specification System (RTSS) and linked to my favorite words. The results were interpreted and validated using the Research Public and Patient Involvement (RPE) approach. Results: Sixty-one articles were included, of which 55.5% were classified as randomized controlled trials. The selected studies included a total of 2187 children (mean age ranged from 3 months to 5.9 years), mostly from developed countries. The included studies investigated a total of 27 interventions, which together presented ingredients representing all of my favorite words, in the following order of frequency: "Health" (e.g., strength and endurance training), "Functionality" (e.g., active and repetitive practice of a task), "Family" (e.g., context-focused therapy), "Fun" (e.g., inclusion of friendly activities for children), "Friends" (e.g., group activities), and "Future" (e.g., sharing of educational information). Thus, the ingredients related to the word "Future" were the least frequently reported. Interpretation: Therapists and families need to be aware of the most appropriate correspondence between the goals listed through my favorite words and the objectives, ingredients, and targets of the interventions. Finally, "Fun", "Friends", and "Future" should be addressed as potential outcomes in future studies.