Optimal Integration of New Technologies and Energy Sources into Radial Distribution Systems Using Fuzzy African Vulture Algorithm

In the contemporary global context, excessive fossil fuel consumption remains a critical issue, particularly within the transportation sector. Electric vehicles offer a promising alternative due to their durability and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, their rapid adoption has introduced significant challenges, including increased network power losses, deteriorating voltage profiles, and declining substation power factors. This study proposes an approach that integrates fuzzy objective optimization with African Vulture Optimization (AVO) to determine the optimal sitting and sizing of distributed generations (DG), shunt capacitors (SC), and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) within radial distribution systems (RDS). The proposed methodology is evaluated on the standard IEEE-69 bus RDS. A detailed comparative analysis between the proposed simultaneous optimization approach for DGs, SCs, and EVCSs and with the traditional two-staged method is presented. The findings indicate that the proposed strategy not only matches but surpasses the performance of existing strategies for the reduction of power losses and enhancement of bus voltage profiles. Key findings include a significant reduction in active and reactive power line loss, with losses minimized by 85.90% and 82.15%, respectively. In addition, an improvement in the minimum bus voltage to 0.98 p.u. is also achieved. Thereafter, the proposed issue is solved in different loading scenarios to present the effectiveness of the approach under different operating conditions. This research effectively demonstrates the complexities introduced by EVCS integration and addresses the issue with simultaneous optimal sitting and sizing of DGs, SCs, and EVCSs that significantly enhance the sustainability and efficiency of RDS.