Prevalence of workplace violence and associated factors among different healthcare sectors in Egypt: a cross-sectional survey

AimThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) in various Egyptian health sectors, determine the impact of violence on HCWs, and identify potential factors and measures to combat WPV.Subject and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. It targeted all HCWs, both medical and non-medical staff, working in the health sector in Egypt, including university, private, and Ministry of Health hospitals.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 1092 HCWs. Over half (51.3%) experienced at least one type of WPV during the past 12 months, whereas 1.7% experienced all forms of WPV. Verbal abuse was the most experienced type among the participants (42.0%), while sexual harassment was the least common (6.8%). Overall, violent incidents were reported by 18.7%, 10.2%, 5.4%, and 1.3% of victims of physical violence, verbal abuse, bullying, and sexual harassment, respectively. The most common cause of non-reporting was believing that the incidents were not worth it or that no actions would be taken.ConclusionWPV is prevalent among HCWs in Egypt, whether medical or non-medical staff. Working in shifts, dealing with patients directly, and being concerned about violence in the workplace were common factors associated with exposure to all types of WPV. Therefore, the authorities in Egypt must develop and implement effective policies to combat WPV in the health sector.