Sustainable concrete production: Partial aggregate replacement with electric arc furnace slag

The pursuit of sustainability in the construction industry has stimulated interest in seeking environmentally friendly alternatives to natural aggregates in concrete production. This study evaluates the behavior of concrete when electric arc furnace (EAF) slag is used as aggregates in its production. The primary research gap filled by this study is to deduce the blend of the fine and coarse EAF slag aggregates that would produce concrete of comparative strengths to concrete made with natural aggregates. Concrete mixtures were formulated using varied EAF slag content in the proportions of 0, 10, 15, 25, and 50%, respectively. The compressive strength values increased as the EAF slag content increased. However, this trend was not evident for the density and tensile strength values. The concrete mixture containing 25% EAF slag with 15% fine and 20% coarse EAF slag aggregates had the greatest density value of 2550.00 kg/m3 and the tensile strength value of 4.8 Pa respectively. This could be due to the distribution of the fine and coarse aggregate grains in the mixture. Since the percentage of fine and coarse aggregate grains were 10 and 15%, respectively, it was a close enough range for the fines to fill in the void spaces. This made the mixture more compact which resulted in a higher density and tensile strength values.