A Study of Disease Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Using Single-Cell Decomposition and Immune Signature Analysis

Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences treatment outcome, and analysis of immune cell composition plays an important role in establishing effective prognostic models. This study investigated cellular proportions decomposed from Rulk RNA expression data and immune profiles of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using publicly available data from TCGA and GEO. The results of the study showed a correlation between specific immune signatures, poor prognostic signatures (PPS) and patient outcomes such as progression-free survival and chemotherapy response. We integrated these features and used machine learning models to predict prognosis, with support vector machines (SVMs) having the highest accuracy. This study highlights the importance of immune profiling in advancing precision medicine for lung cancer patients.Abstract Background: The development of tumors is a highly complex process that entails numerous interactions and intricate relationships between the host immune system and cancer cells. It has been demonstrated in studies that the treatment response of patients can be correlated with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Consequently, the examination of diverse immune profiles within the TME can facilitate the elucidation of tumor development and the development of advantageous models for diagnoses and prognoses. Methods: In this study, we utilized a single-cell decomposition method to analyze the relationships between cell proportions and immune signatures in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Results: Our findings indicate that specific immune cell populations and immune signatures are significantly associated with patient prognosis. By identifying poor prognosis signatures (PPS), we reveal the critical role of immune profiles and cellular composition in disease outcomes, emphasizing their diagnostic potential for predicting patient prognosis. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of immune signatures and cellular composition, which may serve as valuable biomarkers for disease prognosis in LUAD patients.