Cross-evaluating Epstein-Barr virus, human papilloma virus, human cytomegalovirus and human adenovirus in nasal polyps and turbinate mucosa

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common disease in which inflammatory responses to exogenic stressors, such as viral infections, has been recognised. The role of viruses in CRSwNP pathogenesis is unclear.Aims/objectivesWe aimed to characterise Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and human adenovirus (HAdV) in nasal polyps and adjacent paired healthy turbinate mucosa.Materials and methodsWe used real-time PCR for EBV, HCMV, and HAdV DNA detection, combined PCR/microarrays for HPV detection and genotyping, in samples from 45 patients with CRSwNP. Additionally, we used EBER in situ hybridisation for EBV detection.ResultsEBV detection with EBER-ISH was significantly higher in polyps (36%) versus turbinate mucosa (12%). None of the viral comparisons with PCR between polyps and turbinate mucosa for EBV-, HCMV- or HAdV-DNA showed statistically significant differences. All samples were HPV negative.Conclusions and significanceWe report higher expression of EBV in nasal polyps (36%) than in adjacent healthy turbinate mucosa (12%), using a valid method; EBER-ISH in 45 patients with CRSwNP. EBV might be a possible stressor that can trigger polypoid inflammation. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (CRSwNP) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic) CRSwNP (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) Epstein-Barr (sic)(sic) (EBV),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (HPV),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (HCMV) (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (HAdV)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) 45 (sic) CRSwNP (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) PCR (sic)(sic)(sic) EBV,HCMV (sic) HAdV DNA, (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) PCR/(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) HPV (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) EBER (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) EBV.(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) EBER-ISH (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (36%) (sic)(sic) EBV (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (12%).(sic)(sic) PCR (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) EBV-,HCMV (sic) HAdV-DNA (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) HPV (sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (36%) (sic)(sic) EBV (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) (12%); 45 (sic) CRSwNP (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic) EBER-ISH.EBV (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).