Nanoscale 3D Printing for Empowering Future Nanodevices

3D nanoprinting presents a fundamentally different approach (bottom-up) compared to traditional nanolithography (top-down), enabling the fabrication of nanostructures with greater material versatility and complex spatial geometries. Initially developed for macroscopic devices fabrication, 3D printing is now progressing toward the nanodevices production with active functionalities. This review explores cutting-edge 3D printing technologies for nanoscale materials, emphasizing key achievements, foundamental principles, and persisting technological challenges. This review discusses potential opportunities in material selection, electronic co-design, device integration, scalability, and essential steps toward commercialization. Among the numerous insightful reviews on 3D printing, this review aims to provide a more detailed discussion of the perspective and existing gaps in practical implementation, grounded in current technological capabilities. Furthermore, the future impact of 3D nanoprinting on academia and industry is explored.