Obesity Management for Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure

Obesity is causally linked to CAD and HF directly by triggering various adverse pathophysiological changes and indirectly by promoting convergent risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and sleep disorder. Weight reduction is an important intervention for obesity-related cardiomyopathy and antiobesity medications that target both obesity and HF, particularly SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs, have a major role in treatment. Bariatric surgery offers a viable treatment option for patients with severe obesity associated with CAD and HF but requires careful patient selection, preoperative optimization, choice of procedure, and postoperative management to minimize risks and achieve successful outcomes.