Spatial study of dengue and its association with livestock farming in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

Background and Aim: Dengue fever is a recurring arboviral disease. The presence of livestock and domestic animals potentially increases the risk of dengue fever in an area due to the shared habitats of vectors and humans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the vulnerability map of dengue disease and identify the influence of livestock and domestic animals on the number of cases in Bantul Regency. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted in 3 Kapanewon (subdistricts) in the Bantul regency, known as the dengue-endemic area. The locations of 302 cases were recorded using the Global Positioning System. Dengue case density was analyzed using Kernel Density Estimation, and vulnerability was assessed using an overlay in ArcGIS Desktop 10.8. Furthermore, buffer analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between case density and the presence of livestock and pet pens. Results: Banguntapan, Kasihan, and Sewon subdistricts had high vulnerability areas of 424.12 Ha (14.97%), 334.76 Ha (10.46%), and 196.12 Ha (7.05%), respectively. The villages with dengue hotspots were Banguntapan and Potorono (Banguntapan Subdistrict) and Tirtonirmolo (Kasihan Subdistrict). The highest number of patients (180 cases) occurred at a buffer distance of <100 m from houses to livestock pens, closely related to the flight distance of Aedes spp. mosquitoes, the dengue vector. Conclusion: The three subdistricts were predominantly characterized by low dengue vulnerability. However, livestock and domestic animal pens are significant risk factors. This information is crucial for effectively controlling and managing dengue disease in Bantul Regency.