Avocado Oil Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Improves Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a widespread persistent metabolic disorder necessitating appropriate management to prevent its complications. The utilization of natural products in dietary adjustments is increasingly popular for the regulation of hyperglycemia. Our research aimed to assess the impact of avocado cold-pressed oil (ACPO) on the pancreas, kidneys, and liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats. An analysis of the components and antioxidant capacity of ACPO was conducted. Fortytwo Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups for the study. Group 1 (G1) served as the normal control, G2 received oral administration of avocado cold pressed oil (ACPO), G3 received oral administration of metformin, G4 (considered the positive control) was administered a single intraperitoneal dose of STZ (40 mg/kg), and G5 comprised diabetic rats treated with ACPO orally. The group identified as G6 comprises diabetic rats who were orally administered metformin. The ACPO composition contained 25.77% saturated fatty acids, with the remaining 72.82% unsaturated fatty acids, predominantly oleic acid. The radical scavenging activity of ACPO was favorable, as evidenced by its antioxidant effects against 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, ACPO led to a required decrease in blood glucose levels and improvement in liver and kidney function parameters with only numerical reductions in lipid profile parameters. Additionally, ACPO mitigated histopathological abnormalities in the pancreas, kidneys, and liver, enhanced insulin expression in islets of Langerhans, and attenuated oxidative stress by suppressing induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in these organs. To summarize, the polyphenolic compounds present in ACPO played a crucial role in managing hyperglycemia, enhancing liver and kidney function, ameliorating histopathological lesions, and mitigating oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus.