Development of Public Health Center-Based Culturally Tailored Hypertension Self-Care Intervention Among Adults in Rural Ghana

ObjectivesDevelop a primary health care-based nurse-led culturally tailored hypertension self-care intervention for rural residents.DesignThe culturally tailored hypertension self-care intervention was developed using a six-step intervention mapping approach that involved: needs assessment using literature review and interviews; setting program goals using integrated thematic synthesis method; selecting intervention modules through the process dimension of the self-care theory of chronic illness; producing program components and materials by developing intervention modules using the motivational interviewing and behavior change techniques; planning program adoption by encouraging sustainable behavior; and evaluation using the education content validity index in health and the intervention acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility scale.MeasurementsEducation content validity index in health and the intervention acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility scale.InterventionThe culturally tailored hypertension self-care intervention modules included health literacy, adherence to therapy, continuous monitoring, reduction of the modifiable risk factors of hypertension; self-care management strategies, and strategies for sustaining behavior.ResultsThe culturally tailored hypertension self-care intervention addresses community-based facilitators and barriers to self-care behavior and ultimately blood pressure control as described in the process dimension of the self-care theory of chronic illness.ConclusionThis culturally tailored hypertension self-care intervention is to be implemented by nurses working in primary health care settings in Ghana where they have direct access to and daily interaction with patients with uncontrolled hypertension.