Energy Efficient Dual User Association for Large Scale IRS-Aided mmWave Communication Networks

The deployment of multiple intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) in blockage-prone millimeter wave (mmWave) communication networks have garnered considerable attention lately. Despite the remarkably low circuit power consumption per IRS element, the aggregate energy consumption becomes substantial if all elements of an IRS are turned on given a considerable number of IRSs, resulting in lower overall energy efficiency (EE). To tackle this challenge, we propose a flexible and efficient approach that individually controls the status of each IRS element. Specifically, the network EE is maximized by jointly optimizing the associations of base stations (BSs) and user equipments (UEs), transmit beamforming, phase shifts of IRS elements, and the associations of individual IRS elements and UEs. The problem is efficiently addressed in two phases. First, the Gale-Shapley algorithm is applied for BS-UE association, followed by a block coordinate descent-based algorithm that iteratively solves the subproblems related to active beam- forming, phase shifts, and element-UE associations. To reduce the tremendous dimensionality of optimization variables introduced by element-UE associations in large-scale IRS networks, we introduce an efficient algorithm to solve the associations between IRS elements and UEs. Numerical results show that the proposed elementwise control scheme improves EE by 34.24% compared to the network with IRS-all-on scheme.