A rare pediatric case of thoracic spine giant cell tumor: Clinical implications and surgical strategies

Introduction and clinical importance: Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a rare benign bone tumor that usually affects skeletally adult people. While it usually appears in the epiphyseal parts of long bones, it is very rare in the spine, particularly the thoracic spine, especially in pediatric patients. Case presentation: An 11-year-old female presented with progressive lower extremity weakness, accompanied by localized back pain and urinary urgency, diagnosed with GCT in the thoracic spine. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large, highly vascularized tumor involving the D6 and D7 vertebrae, with significant spinal cord compression. The patient underwent an urgent surgical resection of the tumor. Spinal stabilization was performed using a pedicle screw and rod construct. Postoperatively, the patient demonstrated significant improvement in muscle strength and functional recovery. Clinical discussion: This case highlights the rarity of thoracic spine GCTs and emphasizes the critical role of MRI in diagnosis. It underscores the necessity of prompt surgical resection and spinal stabilization for patients with spinal GCT to ensure effective management and prevent neurological complications. Conclusion: This report emphasizes the rarity of thoracic spine GCTs in pediatric patients, advocating for heightened clinical awareness, MRI use for early detection, and standardized management protocols to improve outcomes. Further research and education among clinicians are essential.