The effect of virtual reality glasses, distraction cards, and breath exercises during Pap smear tests on anxiety, pain, and satisfaction: A randomized controlled trial

Background and aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of the use of "virtual reality (VR) glasses, distraction cards (DCs), and breath exercises (BEs)" on anxiety, pain, and satisfaction levels of women undergoing Pap smear tests, which is a painful and stressful procedure for women. Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial study in a public health center with 140 women (four groups; each group was n = 35) undergoing Pap smear tests. The data were collected using the descriptive information form, state anxiety inventory, the visual analog scale for fatigue, the Newcastle-Satisfaction-Nursing-Care Scale, and the VR glasses application form. Results: After the Pap smear test, anxiety scores decreased significantly within all groups except for the control. The satisfaction scores indicated significant differences between the intervention and the control groups. In terms of the pain scores, the control group had higher pain scores during speculum insertion and the Pap smear test than the other group. Conclusion: The use of VR glasses, DCs, and BEs during a Pap smear test effectively reduces anxiety and pain while increasing satisfaction. These methods are recommended to incorporate into the Pap smear tests.