Critical Mixed Methods: The Imperative for Critical Inquiry and Reflexivity in Research

Mixed methods research (MMR) combines qualitative and quantitative approaches, enabling researchers to achieve a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of social phenomena. This integration is crucial because it allows for a richer exploration of complex issues and has evolved to incorporate social justice work. However, there are also concerns that the use of MMR is merely a token of recognition when working with "emic perspectives" as places of higher education favor post-positivist assumptions rooted in neoliberal agendas limited by impact measures constraining qualitative methods to the margins of academia. In light of these considerations, this work seeks to offer a practical guide to critical inquiry within the context of MMR. Critical mixed methods research (CMMR) deviates from the traditional MMR research process by using critical inquiry and self-reflection in every step, informed by critical theories, lenses, and constructs. Additionally, it offers practical recommendations to equip and support researchers to conduct rigorous, ethically informed, and transformative research, especially when working with underrepresented groups who face systemic barriers to opportunities, resources, and representation. Depending on the economic, socio-political, or geographic context, these groups can include racial/ethnic minorities, non-native language speakers, people with disabilities, immigrants and refugees, religious minorities, and so forth. Before introducing the critical mixed methods research (CMMR) guiding framework, it is imperative to delve into some of the critical advancements that have shaped this field.