Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and associated risk factors in M'passa department, Southeast Gabon

Background: Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) pose a significant global challenge to the poultry industry, affecting health, welfare, and production performance. Few studies have been conducted in Gabon on the prevalence of these infections in chickens. Aim: This cross-sectional survey aims to assess the presence and diversity of GIP among chickens in the M'passa department. Methods: Between April and October 2022, we randomly collected 402 fecal samples from local and exotic chicken breeds from four semi-intensive poultry farms and 11 free-range chicken sites in the M'passa department, southeast Gabon. These samples were analyzed for GIP using flotation and sedimentation methods. Results: This study found 14 GIP eggs and oocytes in 72.9% (293/402) of examined chickens. Capillaria spp. (39.5%) and Ascaridia (31.1%) species were the most frequently identified parasites. Other identified parasites included Eimeria spp. (20.1%), Strongyloides avium (16.9%), Choanotaenia infundibulum (13.4%), Hymenolepis spp. (10.4%), Chilomastix gallinarum (7.7%), and Entamoaba. (1.7%). Single infections occurred in 39.3% (115/293, 95% IC: 33.7-44.9) of cases, while mixed infections were recorded in 60.7% (178/293, 95% IC: 55.1-66.3). The study also identified significant differences in prevalence among local and exotic breeds, genders, and age groups. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of GIP in Gabon chickens, potentially harming their health and productivity. We recommend implementing effective control measures against these infections to enhance the health and productivity of chickens in the region.