Fabrication of stable large-area semi-transparent perovskite solar module for building-integrated photovoltaics

Perovskite solar cells are advancing quickly, which suggests that this photovoltaic technology has the potential to replace current silicon-based solar panels. This paper explores the use of manual screen printing to fabricate semi-transparent, scalable perovskite solar modules without the requirement for numerous laser-scribing steps. A carbon-based, hole-transport-layer-free perovskite solar module with a power conversion efficiency of 11.83 % is manufactured, having an active area of 900 cm2. Accelerated testing is done in settings with elevated humidity, high sun irradiation, and harsh temperatures to determine whether these modules are ready for the market. The modules show mean deterioration rates of 0.04 % and 0.02 % when tested at average spring and summer temperatures of 35 degrees C and 44 degrees C, respectively. The degradation rate in a dry heat test at 70 degrees C is found to be 0.11 %. Under 70 % relative humidity, full solar light, and water immersion, degradation rates of 0.05 %, 0.11 %, and 0.16 % are noted, respectively. Because of their high efficiency and stability, these semi-transparent perovskite solar modules can be used in building-integrated photovoltaic applications.