Lead determination by potentiometric method using a new modified carbon paste electrode in real food samples

Environmental contamination has shifted its attention more and more toward lead pollution, which is extremely harmful to both human health and the natural environment. Tight regulation of lead pollution emissions and precise lead monitoring are critical. A unique potentiometric technique for the quick, accurate, selective, and precise measurement of Pb(II) ion concentration is presented in this work. A low-cost and simple method was used to synthesis a novel ionophore, [(2-(((3-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)naphthalen-1-ol, (HPIMN)], which produced as high-quality product. To measure the Pb(II) ion, modified carbon paste electrodes (MCPEs) were made using the HPIMN as the active carrier. The plasticizer, TCP, or o-NPOE, was combined with HPIMN and graphite in different weights to create the paste. The designed electrodes I and II demonstrated a divalent Nernstian response over concentration ranges of 1.0 x 10- 5-1.0 x 10- 2 and 1.0 x 10- 6-1.0 x 10- 2 mol/L, with slope values of 29.50 +/- 0.40 and 29.90 +/- 0.56 mV decade- 1, respectively. The electrodes I and II's pH, response time, and thermal stability were described. High selectivity for Pb(II) was demonstrated by the electrodes against various mono-, bi or trivalent cations. With appropriate recovery values, the modified electrodes were used to measure the concentration of Pb(II) in a variety of genuine samples, such as mushroom, hazelnut, carrot, tuna and wastewater. The F- and t-test values showed that when the results were compared to those obtained from previously published inductively coupled plasma method, there was no discernible difference between them. The results displayed a high percentage of recovery together with good accuracy and precision. It was also investigated how well the HPIMN ionophore could adsorb Pb(II) ions.