TGG1 and TGG2 mutations impair allyl isothiocyanate-mediated stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana

Myrosinase, referred to as thioglucoside glucohydrolase (TGG), plays a crucial role in plant physiology through catalyzing the hydrolysis of glucosinolates into bioactive isothiocyanates. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the myrosinases TGG1 and TGG2 are essential for abscisic acid- and methyl jasmonate-induced stomata closure. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), one of myrosinase products, triggers stomatal closure in A. thaliana. We investigated stomatal responses to AITC to clarify the role of TGG1 and TGG2 in Arabidopsis guard-cell signaling. Allyl isothiocyanate at 50 mu M and 100 mu M induced stomatal closure in the tgg1 and tgg2 single mutants but not in the tgg1 tgg2 double mutant. Furthermore, AITC at 50 mu M induced the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, cytosolic alkalization, and oscillations in cytosolic free calcium concentration in guard cells of both wild-type and mutant plants. These findings suggest that TGG1 and TGG2 are involved in AITC signaling pathway through interaction with signal component(s) downstream of these signaling events, which is not accompanied by hydrolysis of glucosinolates because of the difference in subcellular localization between enzymes (myrosinases) and substrates (glucosinolates).