The Impacts of Exercises on Health-related Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review

Background. Cancer encompasses numerous diseases affecting various body parts, causing significant psychological, societal, and economic impacts. As a primary global health concern, its increasing incidence profoundly impacts patients' quality of life (QOL). Recent research highlights physical activity's role in enhancing QOL for cancer patients. Moderate-intensity exercise improves overall health and reduces the likelihood of developing cancer. Objectives. This study evaluated physical activity's effects on QOL in cancer patients, mainly focusing on cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Methods. An extensive electronic literature search using MeSH terms and keywords (Neoplasm OR Cancer AND Physical Activity OR Exercise) with Boolean operators "OR" and "AND" identified relevant studies. The search aimed to include a broad range of research articles assessing physical activity's impact on cancer patients' QOL. The initial search yielded 100 studies. After reviewing titles and abstracts and applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 studies were selected for full-text screening. Ultimately, nine studies met the criteria for inclusion in this comprehensive review. Results. The nine selected studies consistently indicate that cancer patients engaging in various forms of physical exercise experience significant QOL improvements. These improvements include reductions in anxiety, depression, and CRF, alongside enhancements in mental health and overall well-being. Conclusion. Exercise programs are safe and highly beneficial for improving QOL and alleviating CRF in cancer patients before, during, and after treatment. Physical activity helps mitigate cancer treatment and adverse effects. Encouraging physical activity as a standard part of cancer care can be crucial in enhancing patient outcomes.