Evaluation of potential natural enemies of hibiscus mealybug, Nipaecoccus viridis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Florida citrus

被引:2
作者
Middleton, Eric G. [1 ]
Demard, Emilie P. [1 ]
Diepenbrock, Lauren M. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA
关键词
Nipaecoccus viridis; lebbeck mealybug; biological control; predator; parasitoid; Cryptolaemus montrouzieri; cochinilla lebbeck; control biol & oacute; gico; depredador; parasitoide; 1962 LEPIDOPTERA COSMOPTERIGIDAE; ANATRACHYNTIS-BADIA HODGES; CRYPTOLAEMUS-MONTROUZIERI; CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PSYLLIDAE; HOMOPTERA; COTTON; PREY; IMPORTATION;
D O I
10.1515/flaent-2024-0059
中图分类号
Q96 [昆虫学];
学科分类号
摘要
Hibiscus mealybug Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a newly established pest in Florida citrus. In its native range, hibiscus mealybug is controlled by a suite of natural enemies. However, the potential predator population for this pest in Florida is currently unknown. Identifying and promoting natural enemies that prey on hibiscus mealybug in the newly established region are key to achieving sustainable management of this pest. We evaluated commercially available predators and field-collected predators for the ability to consume juvenile life stages of hibiscus mealybug. Additionally, we evaluated an augmentative release of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant; Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) inside of a citrus under protective screen (CUPS) production system to control a hibiscus mealybug infestation. In no-choice assays, we found that the commercially available predator Cr. montrouzieri consumed all juvenile stages of hibiscus mealybug, and another, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens; Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), was able to consume eggs but showed a clear preference for nymphs. Other commercially available predators did not consume any juvenile life stage of hibiscus mealybug. Two field-collected predators consumed both nymphs and ovisacs at high rates in no-choice tests: Euborellia annulipes Lucas (Dermapter: Anisolabididae) and Ceraeochrysa sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Moreover, ten species of natural enemies were identified from mealybug clusters sampled from the fields among which two predators, Fragosa sp. (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges; Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae), and two parasitoids, Anagyrus dactylopii (Howard; Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were found in high abundance. In the augmentative release, we found a reduction in pest population after the release of Cr. montrouzieri. However, without additional resources to maintain the predator, hibiscus mealybug population increased once the beetle population died. Our results indicate that Cr. montrouzieri is an effective commercially available predator of hibiscus mealybug and that several naturally occurring predators and parasitoids prey on hibiscus mealybug in Florida citrus. La cochinilla del hibisco Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) es una plaga recientemente establecida en los c & iacute;tricos de Florida. La cochinilla del hibisco est & aacute; controlada por un conjunto de enemigos naturales en su & aacute;rea de distribuci & oacute;n nativa. Sin embargo, actualmente se desconoce el depredador potencial de esta plaga en Florida. Es clave para lograr un manejo sostenible de esta plaga identificar y promover enemigos naturales que se alimentan de la cochinilla del hibisco en la regi & oacute;n reci & eacute;n establecida. Para determinar su capacidad de consumir etapas de vida juveniles de la cochinilla del hibisco, se evaluaron depredadores disponibles comercialmente y depredadores recolectados en el campo. Adem & aacute;s, evaluamos una liberaci & oacute;n incremental de Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant; Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) dentro de un sistema de producci & oacute;n de c & iacute;tricos bajo pantalla protectora (CUPS) para controlar una infestaci & oacute;n de cochinilla del hibisco. En ensayos sin elecci & oacute;n, encontramos que, el depredador disponible comercialmente, Cr. montrouzieri consumi & oacute; todos los estadios juveniles de la cochinilla del hibisco, y Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens; Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), aunque consumi & oacute; huevos mostr & oacute; una clara preferencia por ninfas. Otros depredadores disponibles comercialmente no consumieron ninguna etapa juvenil de la cochinilla del hibisco. Dos depredadores recolectados en el campo consumieron ninfas y ovisacos en altas tasas en pruebas sin elecci & oacute;n: Euborellia annulipes Lucas (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) y Ceraeochrysa sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Adem & aacute;s, se identificaron diez especies de enemigos naturales a partir de grupos de cochinillas muestreados en los campos, entre los que se encuentran dos depredadores, Fragosa sp. (Diptera: Syrphidae) y Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges; Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae), y dos parasitoides, Anagyrus dactylopii (Howard; Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) y Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) en gran abundancia. Encontramos una reducci & oacute;n en la poblaci & oacute;n de plagas despu & eacute;s de la liberaci & oacute;n incremental de Cr. montrouzieri. Sin embargo, sin recursos adicionales para mantener al depredador, la poblaci & oacute;n de cochinilla del hibisco aument & oacute; una vez que muri & oacute; la poblaci & oacute;n de escarabajos. Nuestros resultados indican que Cr. montrouzieri es un depredador eficaz disponible comercialmente de la cochinilla del hibisco y que varios depredadores y parasitoides naturales se alimentan de la cochinilla del hibisco en los c & iacute;tricos de Florida.
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