The challenges that remain: The role of innovation intermediary-led training in implementing circular business models

Circular business model innovation is critical in the transition to the circular economy, often requiring businesses to undergo significant internal changes. One intervention to better support businesses in this process is circularity training, often provided by an innovation intermediary. However, little is known of the impact on internal barriers and drivers for circular business model innovation after circularity training has been completed.This research tackles this question through a qualitative exploratory approach, using a multiple-case study, collecting semi-structured data from businesses after their completion of a circular training course. We find that even after the circular training, a range of barriers continue to influence circular business model innovation, including issues related to the availability of resources, company acceptance, and technology.The research concludes with recommendations for future training programs and the role of innovation intermediaries, based on the internal barriers and drivers that the companies encountered when working toward circularity implementation and circular business model innovation.