Infrared absorption spectroscopy-based non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology: A comprehensive review

Diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia, is an incurable metabolic disorder with an alarmingly high prevalence rate. Self-monitoring of blood glucose holds exceptional significance in diabetes management. However, traditional invasive blood glucose monitoring devices have imposed inconvenience and discomfort on patients. This has propelled research in non-invasive blood glucose monitoring into the forefront, offering substantial clinical utility. In this survey, we reviewed the major technologies of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring based on absorption spectroscopy, including physical methodologies, signal and data processing techniques, and the progress in commercialization. This review can serve as an introduction to the modeling principles of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring, or as a collection of technical application methods of non-invasive glucose monitoring.