Preparation and study of perovskite solar cells with titanium-tin alloy-based electron transport layers

The electron transport layer (ETL) plays a fundamental role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), where ETL extracts and transports photogenerated carriers and influences the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this context, this paper develops a novel design for the titanium-tin alloy-based ETL. Experimental results show that the efficiency of power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be maximized (i.e. 16.42%) when the molar ratio of titanium dioxide (TiO2) to tin oxide (SnO2) doping reaches 7:1. Moreover, in this case, the PSC device can maintain the 81.5% of the maximum efficiency over 42 d. Therefore, the proposed scheme can significantly improve the electron mobility and surface morphology in ETL, thereby achieving superior performance compared with prior schemes.