Methyltransferase METTL3 regulates neuropathic pain through m6A methylation modification of SOCS1

The mechanisms of neuropathic pain (NP) are considered multifactorial. Alterations in the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) play a critical role in neural damage and inflammation. Epigenetic RNA modifications, specifically N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, have increasingly been observed to impact the nervous system. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the connection between m6A methylation and SOCS1 in the molecular mechanisms of NP. This study investigates the roles and potential mechanisms of the m6A methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) and SOCS1 in female rats with spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced NP. It was found that in NP, both METTL3 and overall m6A levels were downregulated, leading to the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Notably, The SOCS1 mRNA is significantly enriched with m6A methylation modifications, with the most prevalent m6A methyltransferase METTL3 stabilizing the downregulation of SOCS1 by targeting m6A methylation modifications at positions 151, 164, and 966.Exogenous supplementation of METTL3 improved NP-related neuroinflammation and behavioral dysfunctions, but these effects could be reversed by the absence of SOCS1. Additionally, the depletion of endogenous SOCS1 promoted NP progression by inducing the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. The dysregulation of METTL3 and the resulting m6A modification of SOCS1 form a crucial epigenetic regulatory loop that promotes the progression of NP. Targeting the METTL3/SOCS1 axis might offer new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for NP.