Unveiling flavonoid profiles of Vitis amurensis cultivars and its hybrids with V. vinifera: Insights from two viticulture regions

Vitis amurensis Rupr. is a wild grape species belonging to the East Asian community, with strong resistance to cold and disease, and a great potential for winemaking. Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in grapes and play a crucial effect in the color and flavor of grapes and wines. To systematically explore the flavonoid profiles of V. amurensis grapes, five V. amurensis cultivars and three interspecific hybrids from two regions (Zuojia and Ji'an, Jilin, China) were identified and analyzed using HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The results showed that V. amurensis grapes had higher anthocyanin content than the interspecific hybrid grapes, but contained lower content of flavanols. The distinctive characteristic of V. amurensis grapes was the presence of diglucoside anthocyanins, while acylated anthocyanins were absent. Concerning regions, Zuojia had a cooler climate and more fertile soil, and grapes grown there contained more flavonols and flavanols, while grapes grown in Ji'an (with higher temperature and more precipitation) contained more anthocyanins. Flavonols were the compounds most affected by climatic and soil factors in this study, and they were mostly negatively correlated with temperature and rainfall, but positively correlated with sunshine hours and most soil nutrient indicators. The results could offer a theoretical basis for the utilization of V. amurensis grapes and contribute to the development of new germplasm resources.