Biodiesel Synthesis from Calophyllum Inophyllum Utilizing Modified Zeolite and Bentonite Catalysts

Biodiesel serves as a renewable, eco-friendly alternative fuel. Its production relies on converting triglyceride sources into methyl esters through transesterification. These triglycerides can be sourced from vegetable oils and animal fats. Previous studies often relied on acids and bases as catalysts. However, there's a lack of research exploring the use of modified zeolite and bentonite as catalysts, which hold the promise of higher yields compared to previous studies. In this study, biodiesel was derived from Calophyllum inophyllum via esterification and transesterification processes. Characterization of these catalysts was done using XRD and FTIR analyses. Transesterification to produce biodiesel occurred at temperatures ranging from 50 to 70 degrees C over a reaction period of 5 hours. The largest yield of biodiesel was obtained at 60 degrees C, with 88.19% using modified zeolite catalyst, 78.84% using modified bentonite catalyst, and 82.36% using a blend of modified zeolite and bentonite catalysts in a 1:1 ratio. Biodiesel resulting from the highest yield using modified zeolite catalyst underwent characteristic testing in accordance with SNI standards. The findings revealed a density of 887 kg/m3, viscosity of 5.633 mm2/s, cetane number of 53, flash point at 121 degrees C, and methyl ester content of 94.55%.