OECD countries are grappling with a policy design dilemma, as they strive to balance fiscal sustainability with the increasing demands on the welfare state. This study introduces a new perspective on policy design that integrates the two elements of "social cohesion," comprising government trust and civic engagement. The study aims to find empirical evidence on how social cohesion has influenced the policy instruments mix in social and pension policy design across 30 OECD member countries from 2010 to 2020. The System Generalized Method of Moments was employed to address endogeneity issues at the country level and to account for policy dynamics. At the macro policy level, social cohesion appears to intensify the social policy dilemma between government fiscal austerity and public popularity. However, the findings indicate that at the meso level of pension policy, the two elements of social cohesion exhibit dual roles both counteractive and complementary roles in the policy instruments mix. This involves identifying the intersection of state-citizen dynamics in social policy and pension design. The art of the policy instruments mixed within the framework of social cohesion provides valuable insights into resolving policy design dilemmas by achieving a balance and harmony between government and citizens. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic))(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)2010(sic)(sic)2020(sic)30(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). Los pa & iacute;ses de la OCDE se enfrentan a un dilema en materia de dise & ntilde;o de pol & iacute;ticas, en su esfuerzo por equilibrar la sostenibilidad fiscal con las crecientes demandas del Estado de bienestar. Este estudio presenta una nueva perspectiva sobre el dise & ntilde;o de pol & iacute;ticas que integra los dos elementos de la "cohesi & oacute;n social", que comprenden la confianza gubernamental y el compromiso c & iacute;vico. El estudio tiene como objetivo encontrar evidencia emp & iacute;rica sobre c & oacute;mo la cohesi & oacute;n social ha influido en la combinaci & oacute;n de instrumentos de pol & iacute;tica en el dise & ntilde;o de pol & iacute;ticas sociales y de pensiones en 30 pa & iacute;ses miembros de la OCDE entre 2010 y 2020. Se emple & oacute; el m & eacute;todo generalizado de momentos del sistema para abordar cuestiones de endogeneidad a nivel de pa & iacute;s y dar cuenta de la din & aacute;mica de las pol & iacute;ticas. A nivel macro de pol & iacute;ticas, la cohesi & oacute;n social parece intensificar el dilema de la pol & iacute;tica social entre la austeridad fiscal del gobierno y la popularidad p & uacute;blica. Sin embargo, los hallazgos indican que a nivel meso de la pol & iacute;tica de pensiones, los dos elementos de la cohesi & oacute;n social exhiben un papel dual, tanto contrapuesto como complementario, en la combinaci & oacute;n de instrumentos de pol & iacute;tica. Esto implica identificar la intersecci & oacute;n de la din & aacute;mica Estado-ciudadano en la pol & iacute;tica social y el dise & ntilde;o de pensiones. El arte de mezclar instrumentos de pol & iacute;tica en el marco de la cohesi & oacute;n social proporciona perspectivas valiosas para resolver dilemas en el dise & ntilde;o de pol & iacute;ticas logrando un equilibrio y una armon & iacute;a entre gobierno y ciudadanos.
