Holographic techniques for the generation and characterization of fractional perfect optical vortex matrices

This work presents the generation and characterization of fractional perfect optical vortex (POV) beams and matrices via holographic techniques. A POV can be constructed in several different ways; one of them, and also the most used, is considering an approximation of the delta function. In this work, the experimental optical generation of a perfect vortex was approached in another way, by considering an approximation of the Bessel function in which the width of the ring is larger and its behavior is different from the usual one for this type of vortex. For the experimental generation of the POV, computer-generated holograms (CGHs) and also a spatial light modulator were used in a holographic experimental apparatus. This holographic apparatus also allows us to analyze the intensity and phase of the vortex using a digital holography (DH) method. It was demonstrated how this beam propagates along the z axis, in addition to the transverse intensity and phase profiles and their respective experimental results. It was also possible to generate matrices of these vortices for the first time in a CGH and characterize them as single beams. Based on these results, it is possible to extend the application of these beams and matrices to areas such as quantum information, optical manipulation, and optical communications, among others. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.