Nanozymes: Applications in clinical biomarker detection

Enzymes are highly efficient catalysts employed in the biomedical field. However, their use is limited by poor stability and high cost. To address this, there is an imperative need for research on nanozymes. In the last decade, the introduction of nanozymes has led to exponential growth in research on nanozyme-based biosensors. The rapid and precise detection of clinical biomarkers is crucial for various disease diagnostics. In recent years, researchers have developed different catalytic active nanomaterials and combined them with colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical methods to detect clinical biomarkers. This review critically overviews the progress, future prospects, and challenges of nanozyme-based clinical biomarker assays in the past few years. This review systematically summarized the catalytic activity of nanozymes and their applications in clinical biomarker assays combined with colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical and point of care (POC) assays. image