Biochemical markers to detect protein malnutrition in type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis patients

The study aimed to evaluate blood biochemical markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and liver cirrhosis (LC) to discover if they may be utilized to assess their nutritional status, specifically protein malnutrition (PM). A retrospective examination of 500 T2D patients referred to the hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 was performed. After that, participants were split into 2 groups: LC and non-LC. The research comprised T2D individuals with LC. We used their medical data and referring physician reports. Two hundred thirty-five (47%) individuals diagnosed with both T2D and LC were included in the study out of a total of 500 patients referred to Madinah Hospital. The LC group had greater average age, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin resistance, and triglycerides as compared to other T2D patient groups without LC. Two hundred thirty-five people with LC were evaluated nutritionally using biomarkers including total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, and transferrin, which can be a useful evaluation method. A 53.2% of individuals with LC and T2D had PM. A 47% of 500 individuals with T2D and LC. LC had elevated levels of BMI, lipids, liver enzymes, and total bilirubin. A 53.2% had PM as shown by biochemical markers, which might be useful in evaluating patients' nutritional status. PM correlated with older age, decreased hemoglobin levels, reduced total protein, albumin, and transferrin but high ALP with high BMI index (obese). These findings can assist T2D with LC specialists develop better nutritional management and quality of life methods.