Assessment of perspectives, knowledge and attitude about antibiotic use and resistance in Sudanese population

Introduction: The spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens is a major global health concern. A survey was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes towards antimicrobial use and resistance in Sudan. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey with a 39-item questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms to Sudanese residents in Khartoum state. Responses were collected anonymously from April to October 2022 and subjected to statistical analysis to assess associations between variables. Results: A total of 1,037 participants agreed to participate, with a 94.3% response rate. Two-thirds of participants reported using oral antibiotics in the past 12 months. Only a quarter obtained antibiotics with a prescription. Less than half (45.3%) of the participants underwent diagnostic tests before using antibiotics, and 30.2% adjusted or discontinued the antibiotic dosage. Forty-two percent correctly identified that antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections, but confusion regarding their use persisted. The mean knowledge score was 3.3 +/- 1.7, indicating average knowledge levels. Significant variations in knowledge and attitudes were observed based on age, gender, marital status, and education. The mean score of the participants' attitude was 25.5 +/- 3.97. Female, younger, and single participants exhibited more positive attitudes towards antibiotics use and resistance. Conclusions: The participants exhibited average knowledge levels and mixed attitudes towards antibiotic use and resistance. Misconceptions and inadequate indications for antibiotic use were identified. Gender, age, marital status, and education influenced participants' knowledge and attitudes. These findings can inform strategies to promote appropriate practices and combat the spread of antibiotic resistance across health and non-health sectors.