The prevalence and healing of apical periodontitis in patients with autoimmune diseases

Apical periodontitis (AP) is a common and clinically significant oral health condition, associated with an inflammatory response to infections within the root canal system. As patients retain natural teeth for longer, managing AP becomes more complex. Whilst generally effective, endodontic treatment outcomes can vary considerably in individuals with systemic health conditions, such as autoimmune diseases. The intersection of systemic inflammation, immune dysfunction and pharmacological treatments of the different diseases raises important questions about how autoimmune diseases influence AP prevalence and healing. This article examines current evidence on this interplay, its clinical implications and the need for tailored endodontic approaches in patients with autoimmune diseases.