Thermodynamic analysis of Casson fluid flow through porous rectangular conduit in the presence of thermal radiation and convective boundaries

The study of flow and heat transfer in Casson fluid is of significant importance, as the Casson fluid model effectively describes various complex fluids relevant to industries such as food processing, nuclear reactors, engineering devices, and biomedical applications. In this work, the flow characteristics, heat transfer behavior, entropy generation, and Bejan number have been analyzed for the incompressible Casson fluid flowing through a rectangular duct embedded in a porous medium. No-slip boundary conditions for fluid velocity and convective boundary conditions for thermal transport are applied at the duct walls. Additionally, the impact of thermal radiation on temperature profiles is investigated to understand heat transfer enhancement. The governing equations include the momentum equation (describing fluid velocity), the energy equation (describing temperature distribution), and thermodynamic equations (addressing entropy generation and irreversibility). These equations are modelled and solved using the well-established finite difference method. The results, presented as two-dimensional graphs, provide valuable insights into the influence of key parameters on fluid behavior, heat transfer efficiency, and system irreversibility, offering implications for practical applications.