Demographic variation in truancy in adolescence and its effects on educational attainment and income in early adulthood

Although prior research has linked adolescent truancy with lower educational attainment and income in young adulthood, less is known about how these relationships are conditioned by demographics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, and receiving public assistance. Using data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that adolescent truancy predicts lower educational attainment in young adulthood, and the effect is significantly stronger for males relative to females and significantly weaker for recipients of public assistance relative to their peers. Truancy's effect on educational attainment was largely invariant across race and ethnicity. We found little evidence that truancy in adolescence is significantly related to income in young adulthood, net of controls. This study highlights the importance of examining the nuanced relationship between truancy and later life outcomes.