Clinical practice guidelines for management of disseminated intravascular coagulation in Japan 2024: significance of guidelines developed for each underlying disease

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe condition characterized by systemic, persistent activation of coagulation in the presence of an underlying disease, leading to the formation of microthrombi in small blood vessels. In DIC, fibrinolysis is also activated alongside coagulation, but the extent of fibrinolysis varies significantly depending on the underlying condition. The classification of DIC types is crucial not only for understanding the pathophysiology involved, but also for selecting appropriate treatment strategies. Internationally, DIC is often associated with sepsis, typically presenting with ischemic organ damage. However, it is important to recognize that some forms of DIC exhibit minimal ischemic organ damage but severe bleeding symptoms. When diagnosing and treating DIC, considering the underlying condition and disease type can lead to better clinical outcomes. This underscores the need for DIC management guidelines that are based on an understanding of the underlying disease. The newly released "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Japan 2024" offer the first comprehensive guidelines for detailed management based on specific underlying conditions, providing a groundbreaking contribution to the global DIC clinical community.