Allyl isothiocyanate suppressed periodontal tissue destruction in mice via bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory activities against Porphyromonas gingivalis

Objectives: Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a phytochemical that is abundantly present in cruciferous vegetables, such as wasabi and mustard. Among its pharmacological properties, it demonstrates anticancer, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the functions of AITC against periodontopathic bacteria and its effects on a mouse model of periodontitis. Design: The antimicrobial and antibiofilm functions of AITC were assessed against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mitis. To clarify its anti-inflammatory effects, macrophage-like cells from THP-1 were stimulated with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the release of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by ELISA. Experimental periodontitis was induced in 9-week-old mice by ligation and oral infection of P. gingivalis, and AITC was injected into the gingiva once daily for 8 days. Alveolar bone resorption was evaluated by measuring the exposed root area. Gene expressions in the periodontal tissue were analyzed via qPCR. Results: AITC exerted weak bacteriostatic effects against P. gingivalis, inhibiting biofilm formation. AITC also impeded the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced by P. gingivalis LPS. Additionally, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1) channel agonist inhibited the anti-inflammatory effects of AITC. In vivo, AITC inhibited alveolar bone destruction and decreased the gene transcription of Il6 in the periodontal tissue. Conclusion: AITC exerted weak bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory effects against P. gingivalis, reducing alveolar bone destruction and suppressing the inflammatory response in experimental periodontitis. Therefore, AITC may serve as a valuable adjunct in controlling periodontal disease.