Risk of thyroid diseases in patients with psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Background: An autoimmune etiology has been indicated for thyroid diseases. However, few studies have examined the association between psoriasis and thyroid diseases.Objectives: Explore the risk of thyroid disease in patients with psoriasis.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to assess the risk of thyroid disease in patients with psoriasis. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from their inception to April 4, 2024. Two authors independently selected the studies, assessed their quality, and extracted the data. Any disagreements were resolved through discussions with a third author. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to present the results.Results: Three cohort studies were included. The risks of thyroiditis (RR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.23-2.47), hyperthyroidism (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.14-1.32), and hypothyroidism (RR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.29-1.57) were higher among the patients with psoriasis than those in the control group.Conclusion: Individuals with psoriasis have a higher risk of developing thyroid disease. Further studies that provide data on different sex and age groups are needed to clarify whether any specific subgroup of patients with psoriasis has an elevated risk of developing thyroid disease.