Enhanced surface of collagen-Zn-Ag-HA coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy for biocompatibility

Recent advancements in dental implant technology have focused on enhancing the biocompatibility between implants and oral soft tissue through innovative surface modifications of titanium (Ti) alloys. In this study, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was employed to create a porous surface on Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples, incorporating Ca, P, and Zn2+ along with silver nanoparticles (AgNP). This surface was further enhanced by electrodepositing collagen, the predominant protein in oral soft tissue, to boost biocompatibility. The study examined six distinct sample groups, each with varying compositions of PEO, Zn, and AgNP i.e. PEO, PEO-Ag0.1, PEO-Zn-Ag0, PEO-Zn-Ag0.1, PEO-Zn-Ag1.0, and PEO-Zn-Ag3.0, respectively. Coatings were analyzed by utilizing advanced surface characterization techniques such as FESEM, FTIR, XRD, and XPS. FESEM imaging confirmed successful collagen adhesion to the Ti alloy surfaces, while FTIR, XRD, and XPS analyses verified the presence of collagen, AgNP, and Zn2+ within the coatings. AFM and wettability tests were also performed, showing PEO-ZnAg3.0 displayed the highest roughness and wettability. Notably, antibacterial activity tests revealed enhanced bactericidal capabilities in samples with AgNP and collagen coatings. The PEO-treated surfaces demonstrated improved collagen adhesion by providing porous attachment sites, while the addition of AgNP coating further enhanced cell viability and bactericidal properties. Among the samples, PEO-Zn-Ag3.0 exhibited the highest potential for biocompatibility with oral soft tissue, potentially revolutionizing dental implant outcomes and paving the way for more successful and long-lasting dental implant solutions.