The Johannesburg summit and the BRICS+: human rights and geopolitical derivatives

The recent expansion of the BRICS to the BRICS+ format has incorporated six new states into the club: Iran, Arabia Saudi, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia. If the five original states already posed a relevant challenge to the liberal world order -particularly the three Europe , Asia regional powers (Russia, China , India) -there are important uncertainties around the potentially counter-normative character that this bloc of ten states can represent for the current international legal system. The risks of fragmentation of the international system into various regional and functional subsystems threaten multilateralism -with a vindication of the demands of the so-called Global South- , can lead to a geopolitical disorder that fosters alliances of common interests among authoritarian political systems, with no interest in the internal application of the normative framework of human rights.