Analyzing the impact of visibility, driver attentiveness, and energy consumption in severe weather in the car-following scenario under V2X environment

Unfavorable weather conditions affect traffic flow dynamics significantly, threatening the security and efficiency of transportation networks. On the other hand, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology facilitates information sharing between vehicles, people and the environment. So, in order to investigate how visibility and driver attention affect car-following behavior in a V2X context, a new car-following model is introduced in this paper. In severe weather, these elements are crucial to maintaining road safety. To accurately depict the minor adjustments made by the driver when visibility is limited, the visibility-dependent characteristic is incorporated. According to headway-sensitivity phase analysis, the stable zone on phase diagrams grows as the driver pays more attention to the surroundings. By examining nonlinear solutions to the mKdV equation using average velocity data and visibility effects, one can find "kink-antikink" soliton solutions. The complex patterns of traffic flow and congestion is produced due to the interactions between different solutions. Numerical simulation is implemented to validate theoretical conclusions, highlighting the crucial role of visibility and the driver attention parameter in maintaining steady traffic flow and enhancing road safety.