The Effect of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Device Combined with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin on the Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Elderly Patients after Femoral Neck Fracture Surgery

Aims/Background Femoral neck fractures in elderly patients carry a high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to prolonged immobilization and surgical intervention. This study examines the effectiveness of combining intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for preventing DVT in elderly patients following femoral neck fracture surgery. Methods A total of 150 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, admitted between January 2022 and January 2024, were retrospectively selected, and their clinical data were analyzed. Based on the treatment methods, the patients were divided into a control group (n = 71) and a study group (n = 79). The control group received LMWH treatment, while the study group received a combination of LMWH and IPC. The incidence of DVT, surgical outcomes, hip joint function, coagulation function indicators, hemodynamic indicators, and serum pro-inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups. Results The results showed that the incidence of DVT in the study group was lower than in the control group (p = 0.017). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, or Harris scores (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the study group demonstrated higher levels of average velocity (Va), peak blood flow velocity (Vp), and blood flow (BF) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were longer, while the D-dimer (D-D) level was lower in the study group (p < 0.05). The study group also exhibited lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (p <0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that combining IPC with LMWH effectively reduces the incidence of postoperative DVT in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, improves venous blood flow in the lower limbs, reduces vascular inflammation, and ensures safety.